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Java History & Features

Brief History

• Java language was developed by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank, and Mike Sheridan at Sun Microsystems, Inc. in 1991.
• Duration of Java creation was 18 months.
• This language was initially called “Oak,” but was renamed “Java” in 1995.

Java Features

• Secure
• Simple
• Portable
• Object-oriented
• Robust
• Interpreted
• Multithreaded
• High performance
• Architecture-neutral
• Dynamic
• Distributed

Secure

• Java is secure because it is using Applet. When Applet is running, it not allowing access to other parts of the computer.
• There is no pointer in Java. It does not allow direct memory access that secures Java program from unauthorized access.

Simple

• If you have programming experience, then it is easy to learn Java language.
• Java is based on object-oriented concepts. It is similar to C++
• Most programmers know C++ language. They can lean Java language easily.

Portable

• Java code is capable of running various types of machines.
• Java achieves its portability with help of 'Bytecode'.
• Java compiler converts java program into a intermediate language which called 'Bytecode'.
• Bytecode are then executed by Java virtual machine (JVM).
• Bytecode makes java code portable for various types of machines.

Object-oriented

• Java is object-oriented language. It consists of classes and objects.
• Java program starts from the class. It advocates that java object-oriented language.
• Java has many pre-defined classes that facilitates easy programming in the java.
• Java has features of object-oriented such as Polymorphism, Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction and Data hiding.

Robust

• Java provides reliable software. It provides two main features for producing reliable software.
• 1. Memory Management: - It provides automatic memory management. Memory allocation and deallocation are handled by java.
• 2. Exception Handling: - Java provides 'try..catch' feature to handle run-time exceptions.

Interpreted

• First, java source file is compiled by java compiler. Java compiler coverts java source code into bytecode which is an intermediate language.
• Then bytecode is interpreted by JVM (Java virtual machine). In few cases, bytecode is compiled by JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler.

Multithreaded

• A thread is a piece of program that can run simultaneously with other parts of the program.
• Java provides this facility to programmer.
• A program can be written with multiple threads and each thread is running simultaneously other threads.
• Using multithreading, Java supports multiprogramming and multitasking.

High performance

• Java bytecode can be easily translated directly into machine code by JVM (Java Virtual Machine)/ JIT (Just-In-Time). It gives high performance to Java code.

Architecture-neutral

• Goal of java language is “Write once, run anywhere". Java Virtual Machine (JVM) accomplishes this task. Therefore, java is architectural-neutral

Dynamic

• Java is able to access objects at run-time.

Distributed

• Java also supports Remote Method Invocation (RMI). It allows access of a method from anywhere. You may call method from the network.

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